工业操控网络技术革新：以太网技能的崛起与can总线介绍
工业自动化网络技术的进步
随着信息技术的飞速发展和工业自动化对网络功能要求的不断提高，工业控制网络承担着越来越重大的任务。与数据通信网络不同，工业控制领域需要一种高速、经济、实时性高、稳定性好、精确性高且具有开放性的网络。以太网(Ethernet)技术支持几乎所有现行的网络协议，因此在数据通信中得到了广泛应用，其优势包括传输速度快、能耗低、安装便捷、高兼容性和开放性，以及支持多种设备等。近年来，以太网正逐渐进入工业控制领域，形成了新的以太网控制网络技术。
工业以太网技能特点
(1) 以太网是一种全开放，全数字化的网络，它遵循统一的标准，可以使不同厂商设备轻松连接。
(2) 以太网能够实现无缝连接工业控制网络与企业信息系统，从而构建一个全面开启的企业级管理体系，如图所示。
(3) 硬件成本低廉，因为以太网技能已经非常成熟，有多种软件开发环境和硬件设备供用户选择。
(4) 通讯速率高，以适应企业信息系统规模扩大和复杂度增加，对于音频视频数据传输也有一定的需求，现在10M/100M快速以太网开始普及，而千兆以太网技能也在不断完善，10G以 太 网 技 术 也 正 在 研 究 中，其速率远超当前现场总线。
(5) 可持续发展潜力巨大，在这个瞬息万变信息时代，企业生存与发展将很大程度上依赖于快速可靠的人工智能通讯处理系统。
2.1 工业操控中的关键问题
尽管以上提到的优点，但在实际应用中仍存在一些挑战：
实时性问题：Industrial control systems require a high degree of real-time response, but Ethernet's CSMA/CD medium access method is non-realtime and may cause delays in data transmission.
适应能力与可靠性：Ethernet was originally designed for office environments and not specifically for industrial networks, which can lead to reliability issues in harsh industrial conditions.
应用层协议：Current network protocols are not suitable for real-time communication between devices in industrial process control applications.
解决机制
To address these challenges, new technologies and solutions have been developed:
Full-duplex Ethernet: To improve network performance and reduce congestion, full-duplex communication can be used to eliminate collisions that occur with half-duplex CSMA/CD.
Industrial-grade switches: These devices are designed to handle the specific demands of industrial networks and provide higher levels of reliability and fault tolerance than standard office switches.
Real-time protocols: New protocols such as EtherCAT, PROFINET, and Sercos III have been developed specifically for real-time communication in industrial automation applications.
In conclusion, the development of Industrial Ethernet technology has addressed many of the limitations associated with traditional fieldbus systems like CAN bus. However, there is still much work to be done to ensure that Industrial Ethernet meets all the requirements of modern industrial automation applications.
